immigrants' wages are the lowest of all workers due to their ineligibility for unemployment benefits and lower wage bargaining …, resulting in gains in terms of both employment and wages for natives, which does not hold for documented immigration. Stricter … effect if it targets employed workers because this leads to a risk premium in their wages. Finally, I present empirical …

Politicians, the media, and the public express concern that immigrants depress wages by competing with native workers … countries have found no effect on wages, on average, and only modest effects on wage differentials between more and less … educated immigrant and native workers. Native workers' wages have been insulated by differences in skills, adjustments in local …

wages of less skilled natives and a small positive effecton the wages of high skilledworkers as new immigrants are less …