to immigration violations and increased awareness of immigration raids impact their labor market outcomes. We find that … immigration policies has little impact on these results. …

In this chapter, we analyze immigration and its effect on urban and regional economies focusing on productivity and … labor markets. While immigration policies are typically national, the effects of international migrants are often more … our analysis of the local effects of immigration, and we describe several applications. We then discuss the empirical …

Politicians, the media, and the public express concern that immigrants depress wages by competing with native workers … countries have found no effect on wages, on average, and only modest effects on wage differentials between more and less … educated immigrant and native workers. Native workers' wages have been insulated by differences in skills, adjustments in local …

prior estimates by including ripple effects beyond the wages earned or taxes paid directly by migrants. The sharp reduction …