The public trust doctrine makes natural resources a part of the commons, owned equally by all, and legally owned by the state. The resources and opportunities that the present generation have inherited must be available to future generations in perpetuity. In the Goa mining case, the Supreme...

In recent years, the Chinese government has committed additional resources in promoting research and development (R&D). At the same time, China has started implementing a more targeted foreign direct investment (FDI) policy. Using firm level panel data from China's iron ore mining industry, this...

There is growing concern about the decline of the ore grade in mines and the increased energy usage for processing and refining metals. In the limit, where no concentrated deposits exist, minerals must be obtained from bare rock. A method for quantitatively assessing the "free bonus" granted by...

Unternehmenskonzentrationen im Weltbergbau warfen die Frage auf, ob die bisher problemlose Rohstoffversorgung der deutschen Wirtschaft über die Weltmärkte und ohne wesentliche eigene Rohstoffengagements im Ausland gefährdet werden könnte. In der Studie werden die Märkte von zehn...