We propose an extension of a seasonal modulation smooth model with P-splines for times series data using a mixed model formulation. A smooth trend with seasonality decomposition can be estimated simultaneously. We extend the model to consider the forecasting of new future observations in the...

In this work we propose the combination of P-splines with traditional spatial econometric models in such a way that it allows for their representation as a mixed model. The advantages of combining these models include: (i) dealing with complex non-linear and non-separable trends, (ii) estimating...

Penalized splines (P-splines) and individual random effects are used for the analysis of spatial count data. P-splines are represented as mixed models to give a unified approach to the model estimation procedure. First, a model where the spatial variation is modelled by a two-dimensional...

In recent years, spatial and spatio-temporal modelling have become an important area of research in many fields (epidemiology, environmental studies, disease mapping, ...). However, most of the models developed are constrained by the large amounts of data available. We propose the use of...