recent US data on migration rates by education levels (Carrington and Detragiache, 1998), we find empirical support for the … countries combining low levels of human capital and low migration rates of skilled workers tend to be positively affected by the … brain drain. By contrast, the brain drain appears to have negative growth effects in countries where the migration rate of …

migration, since the desire to migrate declines later in the life cycle. In addition, indirect labor demand effects may also … reduce migration. However, migration of the elderly, return retirement migration, as well as mobility of certain specialist …

, intra-urban mobility, suburbanisation, and long-distance migration) for residents of the segregated post-Soviet city of …