This paper takes a new approach to assess the costs and benefits of using different policy tools-macroprudential, monetary, foreign exchange interventions, and capital flow management-in response to changes in financial conditions. The approach evaluates net benefits of policies using quadratic...

Recent decades have seen a sharp increase in financial competition, intensified by globalisation. Excessive risk-taking leading to inevitable business failures at times reached worrying proportions. A contributing factor arose from the complexities of the derivative and other new markets. This...