Autonomous demand shock affects consumption spending. Variation in consumption spending contributes to the volatility in aggregate demand. As the investor is risk averse, volatility of aggregate demand reduces investment. Government injects monetary noise to reduce the volatility in aggregate...

Typically a constant – or zero – lower bound for interest rates is applied in shadow rate term structure models. However, euro area yield curve data suggest that a time-varying lower bound might be appropriate for the euro area. I show that this indeed is the case, i.e. a shadow rate model...

We study what makes government bonds a safe asset. Building on a sample of monthly changes in government bond yields in 40 advanced and emerging countries, we analyse the sensitivity of yields to country specific fundamentals interacted with changes in global risk (VIX). We find that inertia...