This paper argues that using gold as collateral for highly distressed bonds would bring great benefits to the euro area … (ESCB) has agreed to the temporary transfer of the national central bank's gold to a debt agency in full independence. This … debt agency passes the gold along, in strict compliance with the prohibition of monetary debt financing. The paper also …

This paper argues that using gold as collateral for highly distressed bonds would bring great benefits to the euro area … (ESCB) has agreed to the temporary transfer of the national central bank’s gold to a debt agency in full independence. This … debt agency passes the gold along, in strict compliance with the prohibition of monetary debt financing. The paper also …

indicate that, as of late, bitcoin has become increasingly interdependent with gold, and seems just as suitable to hedge …

our problem allowing us to ask how old forms of money such as Gold and Silver hold up in today's world regarding their …. We analyse price dynamics from 1980 to 2020 for gold and silver resorting to annual data. Regarding bitcoin we employ …

Why did monetary authorities hold large gold reserves under Bretton Woods (1944-1971) when only the US had to? We argue … that gold holdings were driven by institutional memory and persistent habits of central bankers. Countries continued to … back currency in circulation with gold reserves, following rules of the pre-WWII gold standard. The longer an institution …