Current research on cloud computing often focuses on the technology itself and the benefits that one company can use and choose from cloud services. Most of the research has focused on mainstream enterprises and limited regard to Central Banks' (CBs') Cloud Computing Adoption (CCA). CBs are...

This paper analyzes a government's incentives to provide fi nancial assistance to a public bank which is hit by a liquidity shock. We show that discretionary decisions about emergency liquidity assistance result in either excessively small or excessively large liquidity injections in a wide...

There is not an overwhelming case to be made that the Federal Reserve System (FRS) should be analyzed as a bureau instead of as a firm or set of firms. Accordingly, I discuss the formation of the FRS in relation to the framework developed by William Gartner for describing the phenomenon of new...

Both the Fed's defenders and critics focus on macroeconomic questions. What is the correct monetary policy? Does the economy need an “activist” Fed? Should the central bank intervene to reduce unemployment, or focus on keeping prices stable? Should the Fed target interest rates or nominal...

The traditional approaches to “cure” economic recessions are monetary and fiscal policies. Most economic crises are first addressed with monetary instruments, as the Federal Reserve’s extensive corporate bond purchasing program of March 24, 2020, has shown. However, when interest rates are...