This paper investigates the financial market effects of the ECB's communication on the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme (PEPP). Using data for 10 euro area countries, we first analyse the impact of different communication channels such as press releases, ECB blog contributions, speeches and...

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) announced to refrain from profit distribution in 2022 owing to the accumulation of a huge financial loss. In this note we examine the key determinants of the SNB's loss and shed light on its implications to conduct monetary policy. In particular, we show that...

The Swiss National Bank (SNB) has announced it will refrain from profit distribution in 2022 owing to the accumulation of a huge financial loss. In this paper we examine key determinants of the SNB's loss and shed light on its implications to monetary policy pursuit. In particular, we show that...