The European Central Bank's (ECB) bond purchase program — possibly the most effective anti-crisis tool yet — is compatible with EU law. Proceedings against the ECB's bond purchases have been brought both before the General Court of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the German...

Rules governing monetary state financing vary across jurisdictions. The mainstream rationale for bans of state financing rests on the empirical assumption that monetary financing undermines fiscal discipline. We address the plausibility of this assumption by estimating panel vector...

Liquidity supply by a Lender of Last Resort (LOLR) can be pivotal for both the conduct of monetary policy and safeguard of financial stability. During the financial crisis, the importance of liquidity provision has significantly increased at both the macro-level – through the European Central...