We exploit variation in the share of seniors across European banking markets to construct an IV for banks' dependence … funding via targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTRO). This effect is stronger when banks face less competition …. Long-term central bank funding further motivates banks to reduce their dependence on debt issuance and increase their money …

Theory suggests that in the face of fire sale externalities, banks have incentives to overinvest in order to issue … prevalence of private insurance in the era preceding central banks and deposit insurance, their subsequent disappearance, as well …

US) investment banks and their subsequent, in most cases, bail-out by public funds – and on the real sector of the … (and in particular banking) crises (under Section 1); discusses the structural vulnerability of banks to some financial …

central bank's reaction to liquidity stress gives banks incentives to invest in excessive liquidity transformation, triggering …

Insurance Corporation—supervise. They work cooperatively with banks and their remedial powers are so extensive they rarely use … them. Oversight is designed to proceed through informal, confidential dialogue. Today supervision faces extinction: banks … an extremely difficult problem—creating an elastic money supply. It uses specially chartered banks to create money and …

entails enhanced accountability. To this end, the paper provides a selected overview of legal protection for central banks and …

do they mitigate, and how large are these effects? We show that by purchasing government bonds, central banks induce …