-time data flow and data revisions, also providing comparisons with the United States and Japan. We finally illustrate how such …

of recent announcements regarding direct asset purchases by the Bank of England, the Bank of Japan, the U.S. Federal … Reserve and the European Central Bank. Empirical evidence from the previous period of quantitative easing in Japan between … 2001 and 2006 is presented. During this earlier period the Bank of Japan was able to expand the monetary base very quickly …

Japan from the beginning of the 1980s. The data set consists of monthly time series, largely taken from the Federal Bank of …