Despite a more favorable external environment, marked by the rebound in global growth, fast-increasing oil prices, and unprecedented Fund financial support, CEMAC is ending 2021 in a fragile external position. Net external reserves fell throughout 2021 to reach their lowest level in decades, and...

Introduction -- Efficient markets and central banks? -- Money, banks and central banks -- Stable and unstable markets -- Deceiving the diligent -- On (central bank) governors -- Minsky meets Mandelbrot -- Beyond the efficient market fallacy -- Concluding remarks

The underlying causes of sharp declines in bank lending during recessions in large developed economies, as exemplified by the U.S. in the early 1990s and Japan in the late 1990s, are still being debated due to a lack of any convincing identification strategy of the supply side capital-lending...