This paper proposes a model of financial markets and corporate finance, with asymmetric information and no taxes, where equity issues, Bank debt and Bond financing may all co-exist in equilibrium. The paper emphasizes the relationship Banking aspect of financial intermediation: firms turn to...

This paper studies the determinants of net interest margin and of the exposure to the interest rate risk of a sample of 125 local Italian banks during the period 2006-2018. Relative to prior literature, to take advantage of the unprecedented interest rate environment determined by European...

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are vital to Albania's economy but face significant financing challenges amid monetary tightening. Utilizing firm-level data from 2022-2023, this study documents that the abrupt interest rate increases in 2022 prompted a rise in alternative financing...

The quite recent (2007-2009) global financial crisis (GFC), which was caused by a mix of business, regulatory, supervisory, and macroeconomic (in terms of sub-optimal fiscal and/or monetary policies) failures, had a negative impact both on the financial system – with the failure, through the...

Recent years have seen great strides in the deepening of our understanding of how sustainability factors – in particular those related to environment, society and governance (ESG) – may act as drivers of financial risks, and therefore are of relevance to institutions responsible for...

We show that a reduction in lender of last resort (LOLR) policy uncertainty positively affects bank lending and propagates to investment and employment. We exploit a unique policy that reduced uncertainty regarding the availability of future LOLR funding for banks as a quasi-natural experiment....

This paper investigates how monetary policy interventions by the European Central Bank and the Federal Reserve affect the stock market perception of bank systemic risk. In a first step, we identify monetary policy shocks using a structural VAR approach by exploiting the changes of the volatility...

Normal demand will return to pre-pandemic levels only when conditions for living a normal life also gradually come back. And this will not happen before a vaccine is discovered, produced and administered or a cure is in place. The article questions the wisdom of prematurely using recession...

COVID-19 is a new type of shock that is likely to produce losses on loans and financial assets higher and more correlated than historical adverse macroeconomic shocks unless policy stabilization efforts are successful. Further, the sudden economic stop caused by the need for social distancing...

In this paper, I review some selected literature about or related to the monetary neutrality and show that specific aspects of the monetary (non-)neutrality are actually derived from the underlying welfare consideration and thus their validity or desirability depend on the current state and way...