This paper revisits Keynes's writings from Indian Currency and Finance (1913) to The General Theory (1936) with a focus on financial instability. The analysis reveals Keynes's astute concerns about the stability/fragility of the banking system, especially under deflationary conditions. Keynes's...

Manche Ökonomen halten die Modern Money Theory (MMT) nicht nur für die Weiterentwicklung der Thesen von John Maynard Keynes, sondern auch für das richtige oder sogar einzige Rezept für erfolgreiche Finanzpolitik des 21. Jahrhunderts. Andere, wie etwa Paul Krugman, kritisieren sie scharf und...

The financial crisis of 2007 and the following recession present a major challenge to macroeconomic theory. The same holds true for exceptionally low interest rates during the recent years and for the puzzle that super-expansive monetary policies failed to produce high inflation. Approaches that...

Introduction; Theoretical foundations; Substance and purposes of economic activity; Money and credit; Debts and balance sheets; The creation of bank deposits; The creation of central bank deposits; The instruments of a central bank (monetary policy); The creation of sovereign securities (fiscal...