Although the Scottish electorate voted down independence in 2014, Brexit has led to renewed calls from Scottish political leaders for a second referendum. Scottish independence would likely lead to joining the European Union, and this would obligate Scotland to eventually join the euro common...

If there is a high level of synchronization among euro zone country housing markets, the European Central Bank can incorporate the housing sector into its monetary policy decisions. If such co-movement is low, however, the ECB would have a harder time setting policy. Given the importance of...

A recent proposal to expand the CFA Franc zone in West Africa would create a currency union that, in terms of population, would rival the Euro. This new currency union would include Nigeria, which would have the largest GDP, and which is also, unlike most other current and proposed members,...

The East African Community (Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) has a goal of a currency union, as part of a movement toward eventual political union. A key factor in making a currency union desirable is a high level of business cycle synchronization (BCS) among member countries. In...

The West African Monetary Zone is a proposed monetary union among the nations of The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. A key characteristic for a well-functioning common currency is convergence in inflation rates among constituent members. A failure to achieve convergent...

The five nations of the East African Community (EAC)-Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda-are scheduled to form a currency union. A key requirement for the successful functioning of a common currency is convergence of inflation rates. If inflation rates do not converge, countries in the...