. First, the paper develops stylised facts of mobility at the national and sub-national levels in the EU. Then, it explores … significantly when a country joins the EU. While euro area membership seems not to be associated with an overall rise in the …

-area shocks in four New Member States (Bulgaria, Hungary, Czech Republic and Romania) and in the Old Member State of the EU …

. Some have adopted a currency board arrangement (CBA). Three candidate countries to the European Union (EU) - Bulgaria …, Estonia and Lithuania -face the perspective of becoming a full-fledged members of the EU and after of the European Monetary …, Lithuania and Bulgaria) in the context of accession to the EU and to the European Monetary Union (EMU). …

Der Beitritt von Estland zur Eurozone verzögerte sich aufgrund der Nichterfüllung des EU-Konvergenzkriteriums zur …