This paper analyzes the drivers of cross-border bank lending to 49 Emerging Markets (EMs) during the period 1990Q1 … literature has traditionally highlighted the influence of US monetary policy on driving cross-border bank flows, and more … decrease in bank leverage, our results indicate a broad-based overall contraction of cross-border lending if the shock …

foster additional non-bank sources of finance, mobilize private savings more efficiently and enhance capital market … finances. In a CMU sovereign risks have to be treated adequately in bank regulation. Third, it should be assessed in advance … which sources of non-bank finance will be demanded by companies and will become systemic. We recommend an integrated …

Europe, bank finance plays a relatively important role, and efforts have been made at creating a level playing field for …