This paper disproves both the “natural” and the “monopoly” parts of natural monopoly. It then proves that decreasing average cost is not an advantage at all, but is merely a shameless excuse of asking for protection and bailout

This paper explains why monopolists do not necessarily obtain profit. It also reveals the true picture of average cost pricing. It concludes that protected businesses must eventually become both stupid and wasteful, and that state-owned monopolists are the ugliest one

This paper rejects the traditional monopoly model and works out a completely new one. It also offers a more concrete measure of the loss due to monopoly. Most economists regard monopoly and protectionism is the same, but this paper proves that they are not. Monopoly is the extreme form of...

This paper proves that the classical monopoly model contains many errors. It mistakes the competitive supply curve as a marginal cost curve. It fuses two mutually exclusive market structures into one picture. It takes the supply curve of one competitive firm for the industry total. Its...

This paper clarifies Dupuit's intention of justifying the building of public goods, and derives a new calculation scheme for CBA to support him. The reverse of the CBA logic offers significant measure of deadweight loss due to monopoly. Dupuit would condemn those economists arguing to use toll...

The third-degree price discrimination theory charges a lower price to a more elastic demand. This paper unveils an unpleasant result of such theory: the lower price comes with less quantity. This paper further reveals the true meaning of elasticity pricing

The traditional monopoly model, created by Joan Robinson and others, applies to companies with a positive or horizontal supply, but it doesn't work for real-life monopolists, especially utility companies, which have fixed capacity or vertical supply. Samuelson's public good model has a vertical...

Tullock tried to inflate the damage caused by a monopolist by including its profit. This paper proves that his attempt was unsuccessful. Instead, Tullock had successfully dissipated the whole monopoly model. Congratulations!