The effect of a random surface field, within the bimodal distribution, on the layering transitions in a spin-12 Ising thin film is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the layering transitions depend strongly on the concentration p of the disorder of the surface magnetic...

This work proposes a non-stationary ramdom field model to describe the spatial variability of housing prices that are affected by a localized externality. The model allows for the effect of the localized externality on house prices to be represented in the mean function and/or the covariance...