organizations, addressing a gap in the literature on gender and leadership. While existing studies often focus on differences … can inform policies aimed at reducing gender-based discrimination and improving organizational diversity and leadership …

, teachers, and peers. We find no evidence of differential responses by gender. …

as measured by production function estimation. I find that the gender "productivity gap" is 8 percent, implying that … almost two thirds of the residual gender wage gap is due to productivity differences between men and women. Motherhood plays …

Using individual-level data from the European Social Survey, we study the relevance of gender norms in accounting for … the motherhood employment gap across 186 European NUTS2 regions (over 29 countries) for the 2002-2016 period. The gender … potential endogeneity of our gender norms measure with an index of the degree of reproductive health liberalization when …