associated with approximately a 3 percent increase in smoking and a small increase in pregnancy weight gain for most of the … women during late-1980s through mid-1990s to examine the effects of these policy changes on smoking, weight gain and other … sample. The increase in smoking, which is a significant cause of poor infant health, may partly explain why Medicaid …

between infant health and maternal smoking. When state cigarette excise taxes are used as an instrument for tobacco use … without accounting for measurement error in self-reported smoking, the conventional IV estimate of the birth weight cost of … smoking is only slightly smaller in magnitude than its OLS counterpart for whites, but nearly a third of the average infant …

these laws may have also increased cigarette use during pregnancy by making it more difficult to use e-cigarettes to reduce …/quit smoking. We use cross-sectional and panel data models to find that e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws increase underage …We use United States birth record data to estimate the effect of e-cigarette minimum legal sale age laws on cigarette …

taxes to estimate the causal impact of early life cigarette taxes on multiple measures of children's well-being such as … of research has credibly examined outcomes later in childhood. I exploit exogenous variation in state-level cigarette … reductions for non-white children and children from poorer households …

Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Further, children exposed prenatally to the death of a relative up to four generations …

a reduction in the incidence of LBW and SGA, especially in the second trimester during pregnancy. This finding was …

health. We further provide suggestive evidence that improved maternal health-related knowledge and behaviors during pregnancy …

provide suggestive evidence that improved maternal health-related knowledge and behaviors during pregnancy are plausible …

emphasizes the importance of focusing on pregnancy health education, particularly for low-income women, as a potential way to …