In this paper, we provide estimates of the subjectively perceived cost of children depending on the extent of parental … with children in Germany. Our study confirms that the monetary cost of children is substantial and increases with parental … sizeable for families with children …

The impact of children's early development status on parental labor market outcomes is not well established in the …

activities are explained by two factors: (i) that center care replaces time that parents spend with the child but are doing other …

leave, state-funded childcare for young children, extended school hours, and individual taxation. For each, we provide a …

As mothers have increased their paid work efforts, conflicts between employment and family responsibilities have grown …, leisure, market work, and caregiving. The first goal of this estimation is to determine if time spent with children responds … their children does not respond to price or demographic changes much like home production or leisure and that, somewhat …

weekdays, and total caregiving time on weekends. Since the timing of employment is, in part, a choice made by mothers, which is … additional children in the household has a larger effect on caregiving time for standard time workers than nonstandard workers … minutes both during the week and on the weekend only for those mothers who perform some of their paid employment during …

the household. Using a sample of PSID-CDS children, we investigate whether the birth order effects in their outcomes are …

-educated counterparts in boosting their children's cognitive skills through their child-care time. Moreover, formal child care is found to … children's cognitive outcomes are greater for the children of less educated mothers, but may be negative for the children of …

status of parents. We find that parents react differently to own labor supply decision and to partner/spouse's. We also find … that the positive effect of parental education level on total childcare time is limited to fathers while both parents show …