import tariffs on a destination market are associated with less pricing-to-market, whereas non-tariff measures are associated …

Was the collapse of world trade between 1928 and 1937 caused by higher transport costs, increased protectionism or the …

environments. Besides traditional tariffs, exporting firms need to comply with regulatory non-tariff measures (NTMs) in the form of … challenge to MNEs' subsidiaries' activity and performance than tariffs do. High-tech manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign MNEs …

Many studies use tariffs to measure changes in trade policy. This paper shows that standard sources for tariffs suffer … from substantial measurement error due to misreporting and the resulting false imputation: Countries fail to report tariffs … every year and missing data are more prevalent for preferential than for most favored nation (MFN) tariffs. WITS, the main …

During the U.S.-China trade war, the U.S. punitive tariffs were almost entirely borne by U.S. importers. In contrast …, only 68% of China's retaliatory tariffs were paid by Chinese importers. The puzzling difference between the U.S. and China … is mainly driven by their different import structures and product heterogeneity in tariff pass-through. China mainly …

We investigate the extent to which the effect of the 2018/2019 US import tariff hikes on US (post-tariff) import prices … that offsetting effects on the newly imposed tariffs were substantial. …

-supply elasticity and of the import-demand elasticity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques in the case of MFN tariffs and ….g. most favored nation tariffs) and on the exporter side (e.g. export subsidies), even in the presence of exporter and …

. Therefore, the current trend of reduction in tariffs on agricultural exports not only generates a positive welfare effect in the …

The WTO's plurilateral Information Technology Agreement (ITA) reduced tariffs to zero on many IT products. This paper … time in trade literatures. Inserting tariffs directly into the gravity equation breaks the ITAs impact down into four … layers. Import demand elasticities are found to be non-linear: Tariff reduction (layer 1) has relatively small impacts, while …