Global trade determines how we live. Technology determines the extent of the market and the ease of trade. The transportation revolution reduced costs and cut travel times. The communication revolution (ICT) improved the quality and quantity of information in the global market and cut the cost...

The post WWII MNE came into being in response to market imperfections including the national state. The Dunning OLI model deals with three major imperfections; ownership advantage (O), national governments (I), and replacing markets by organizations (I). All three imperfections affect...