The paper examines the effects of trade openness, particularly, import openness and FDI inflows on life expectancy in Nigeria using annual time series data spanning the period from 1981 to 2017. The methodology involves the ARDL approach to co-integration and error correction modeling. The...

Do upstream research shocks directly and contemporaneously impact related but disconnected downstream product markets? We explore this question using a natural experiment involving the New Delhi Metallo-Beta-Lactamase 1 superbug pathogenic outbreak in India. Using a difference-in-differences...