The paper builds a framework for the analysis of research and development (R&D) offshoring and outsourcing that …

integration)? Which firms choose to expand their sourcing activities across the national border (offshoring)? This letter provides … vertical integration and of offshoring tend to have been more productive ex ante than firms choosing not to do so. This finding …

increasing offshoring activity increases competition in the final goods market, leading to a progressive vertical disintegration … of the supply chains. Initially, the firms that decide to explore offshoring potential choose integration. As competition …

between offshoring and exports. We model a world consisting of many advanced countries that trade differentiated goods among …

down outsourcing into two types by distinguishing whether or not they involve technology sharing between the two parties … technology-sharing-outsourcing IPRs promote outsourcing of more complex goods to a destination country by guaranteeing the … protection of their technology, (ii) for non-technology-related-outsourcing IPRs attract the outsourcing of less complex products …

the intermediate from vertically integrated producers, or from independent suppliers. In both cases, offshoring part of …