This paper assesses the influence of spatial heterogeneity on the choice of entry modes by multinational enterprises (MNEs). We claim that the location of the target firm influences the choice of partial ownership, i.e., an MNE's choice to maintain a local partner. MNEs normally execute partial...

This study suggests a model for the agglomerative behaviour of MNEs with local competitors. Relying on foreign MNEs’ spatial distribution across 686 Italian Local Labor Systems, we find that MNEs’ locational behaviour is influenced by (i) informational externalities, giving rise to...

We examine how the innovative performance of Chinese MNEs is affected by the way in which they configure their portfolio of subsidiaries. To this end, we acknowledge that innovation performance is not an one-dimensional construct, but can vary in terms of scale and quality. We rely on an...