There is no global patent that will secure protection for an invention globally, and as the title of the book Global … limited ability to enforce their patents across national borders. While national patent systems have undergone significant … internationalization in the past 140 years, and international treaties and agreements among national patent offices have been designed to …

This paper examines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on domestic innovation based on a data set covering … show that there is a negative horizontal spillover effect of FDI on domestic innovation when the intellectual property …'s accession to the World Trade Organization) (WTO) in 2001. We also show that there is a positive upstream spillover effect of FDI …