This working paper addresses the incidence of double breasting as a means of trade union avoidance in multinational companies. Double breasting is a phenomenon whereby multi-establishment firms concurrently operate union and non-union facilities. Drawing on survey findings from the largest and...

In this paper we argue that the surge in world trade over the two decades preceding the global downturn of 2008-09 can be partly explained by the export-magnification effect of offshoring. In a general equilibrium model with heterogeneous firms we show analytically that a fall in variable...

We use a general equilibrium model to examine the welfare effect of domestic equity requirements on multinational firms in the presence of alternative types of trade instruments and varying degrees of the mobility of foreign capital. It turns out that, under quotas, raising equity requirements...