This study investigates the extent to which diplomatic relations affected merger and acquisition (M&A) activities in the European Union during the years 2001- 2019. Implementing a gravity model, we find a U-inverted relationship between diplomatic distance and M&A activities: (i) a worsening in...

Expropriation risk has a binding effect on foreign direct investment (FDI). However, state-owned multinational corporations (MNCs) may counter the monopoly power of the host state by leveraging the political influence of their home government. The magnitude of this counter force, we argue, may...

International business literature has paid special attention to the study of internationalisation and entry mode strategies of firms from the manufacturing sector. Very few studies have been conducted that examine the international expansion of firms from the service industry. Today, the...

Istanbul metropolitan region is the economic heart of Turkey, which is generally listed among the emerging economies of the last decade. Although compared to other European regions foreign capital and investment are underrepresented in Istanbul, economic growth and the stability of Turkey in the...