This paper is an attempt to provide an ideological postulation of Adam Smith and Karl Marx on globalization. This paper … industrialzation in Europe and later on in North America changed the pattern of demand in the world market. The two World wars and … Great Depression had shifted the economic power center from Europe to USA. The major political division of the world after …

innovation activities during periods of recession. We empirically analyse what general patterns can be distinguished in this …: some companies have recently reduced their innovation activities significantly, while others maintained them and a third … deceleration of R&D and innovation activities induced by the crisis, but the trend figures remain positive. Driven by the companies …

economy. Instead, the polarized character of current globalization deeply affects both developed and underdeveloped economies …. Current globalization is characterized by factor exchange between economies of persistently unequal development. This implies … participation in income and policy. These are shown to be steady state features of globalization in a convergence club model of …

' and ‘responsible' globalization, and firm-specific activities with and without the explicit goal of poverty alleviation …