This paper provides the first-ever detailed analysis of the dispute resolution provisions contained in Japan's burgeoning international investment treaties (BITs and FTAs or EPAs). That development is also located in the context of Japan's inbound and outbound flows in foreign investment and the...

This paper shows that Investor-State Dispute Settlements (ISDS) makes multinational firms more aggressive by increasing cost-reducing investments with the aim to enlarge the potential compensation an ISDS provision may offer. While a larger investment reduces the market distortion, it will also...

The idea of investment treaty arbitration as public law is in tension with the concept of international law as a law between representative public agencies. This concept of international law is valuable for its capacity to progress a broad range of public policy aims in an integrated and...