Firm heterogeneity has been extensively linked to patterns in market engagement, particularly where foreign markets are concerned. Recent studies have extended the effects of firm heterogeneity to political markets, identifying its influence on policy stances and engagement in the policy...

Chapter 1. Introduction -- Chapter 2. The Digital Economy and International Business, an Historical Perspective -- Chapter 3. Internationalization, Digitalization, and Exponential Growth -- Chapter 4. Platforms and International Business -- Chapter 5. Artificial Intelligence and International...

We describe a simple model in which domestic firms decide whether to serve a foreign market through exports or horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated with exports and the higher fixed set-up costs associated...

Purpose - This paper examines the fashion retailers and the factors that influence the patterns and sequence of their internationalization process. Design/methodology/approach - Our analysis covers eight fashion retailers including Mango, Inditex, Gap, Esprit, Benetton, Levi Strauss, Camp;A and...

We test the relationship between the size of regional trade agreements (RTA) and openness by using a gravity equation with multilateral trade factors. Our sample includes eleven RTAs, seven with constant membership and four with expanding membership. Regional trade bias declines with the size of...

We describe a simple model in which domestic firms decide whether to serve a foreign market through exports or horizontal foreign direct investment (FDI). This choice involves a trade-off between the higher variable trade costs associated with exports and the higher fixed set-up costs associated...

Several developing countries impose high tariffs, directly or indirectly, on imports of manufactured goods such as vehicles and machinery. In many cases governments argue that they need such policies to protect domestic manufacturing industries from foreign competition while simultaneously...

The present paper develops a model to analyze the relationship between modes of entry of a Multinational Corporation (MNC) in a vertically differentiated market in a Less Developed Country (LDC) to the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) protection policy adopted by the LDC government. The MNC...

This paper explores the relationship between new digital technologies, internationalisation activity and its impact on High Growth Enterprises (HGEs), using the EIB Group Survey of Investment and Investment Finance and ORBIS data for 27 EU Member States and the United Kingdom. After controlling...