This paper addresses three types of geographical decoupling in foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e., challenges when … using traditional FDI data as a proxy for real economic integration between economies: (i) large bilateral asymmetries … between inward and outward FDI, (ii) the role of special purpose entities (SPEs), and (iii) the effect of moving from …

Macro statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) are blurred by offshore centers with enormous inward and outward … investment positions. This paper uses several new data sources, both macro and micro, to estimate the global FDI network while … percent of global FDI. Ignoring phantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investors increases the …

Macro statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) are blurred by offshore centers withenormous inward and outward … investment positions. This paper uses several new datasources, both macro and micro, to estimate the global FDI network while … percent of global FDI. Ignoringphantom investment and allocating real investment to ultimate investors increases …

Macro statistics on foreign direct investment (FDI) are blurred by offshore financial centers with enormous inward and … outward investment positions. This paper uses new data sources, both macro and micro, to estimate the global FDI network while … Phantom FDI into corporate shells with no substance and no real links to the local economy accounts for around 40 percent of …

This paper addresses three types of geographical decoupling in foreign direct investment (FDI), i.e., challenges when … using traditional FDI data as a proxy for real economic integration between economies: (i) large bilateral asymmetries … between inward and outward FDI, (ii) the role of special purpose entities (SPEs), and (iii) the effect of moving from …