This study examines whether and to what extent emerging-market multinational enterprises (EM MNEs) can use outward FDI in a developed market to capture knowledge spillovers so as to improve their technological capabilities at home. We refer to this as a “reverse spillover” effect on parent...

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to extend the classic country-specific advantage (CSA) – firm-specific advantage (FSA) framework by integrating an institution-based view of CSAs into the discussion of FSAs. In his classic CSA-FSA framework, Rugman suggests that successful...