that in German manufacturing industries the profitability of a firm increases when the number of markets a firm exports to … or imports from increases. The extra costs associated with being active on more foreign markets tend to be smaller than …

. Secondly, the authors estimate the determinants of the extensive and intensive margins of exports and imports using dynamic … imports than for exports pointing to the existence of sunk costs in both activities. Moreover, past productivity does affect … the extensive margin of imports, but not of exports and the initial condition status is also only relevant for the import …

-traders. Secondly, they estimate the determinants of the extensive and intensive margins of exports and imports using dynamic panel … that both activities present a high degree of hysteresis, which is higher for imports than for exports pointing to the … existence of sunk costs in both activities. Moreover, past productivity does affect the extensive margin of imports, but not of …