This paper suggests a demand side analysis of informal employment characterised by incompliances with labour tax regulation using a general equilibrium model with overlapping generations. A public social insurance provide benefits to formal employees in retirement, while we allow for an informal...

We develop four rules of thumb for estimating how industry level employment responds to changes in production. These rules can be used to estimate employment effects when labor and capital are not explicitly modeled. Many employment estimates from these types of analyses assert that labor...

Health effects of medical expenditures deserve consideration in the literature addressing the dividends of environmental taxation, since illness not only influences utility, but also affects leisure and working time. We for the first time differentiate the health effects and tax deductibility...

“Input-Output” table which was designed for solution of mutual relation(impact) problem is widely applied tool in the world for conducting economic analysis and forecasting. One of the most important problem of our today’s world is to prevent financial-economic crises in  several...

It is now well accepted in both academic and policy worlds that human capital accumulation plays a significant role in the increase of standards of living in different countries. Education is a primary source of human capital and is a key aspect in public policies to develop human capital. From...

After five years of Kyoto Protocol, now it is the time to review its impact and possible improvement, although KP itself in a sense suffers from a decline in the number of countries accepting emission quota. One notable feature of KP was the introduction of baseline-credit mechanism called the...

A recurring puzzle in bargaining experiments is that individuals under–respond to changes in their bargaining position, compared to the predictions of standard bargaining theories. Nearly all of these results have come from settings with bargaining power allocated exogenously, so that...

The essence of money is its cost. And the value of money, by definition, is serving, above all, as the measurement for the price of goods and services. I.e. the essence of money is their ability to become a single scale for measurement of goods and services. This ability is due to the...

CGE models are a widely used and accepted technique for policy evaluation and impact analysis. The modeling technique is especially useful in the analysis of trade reforms, tax reforms, energy sector reform and development policy analysis. However, the results of such models are often argued to...

Most technologies used nowadays are complex in the sense that the production processes (and products themselves) consist of a large number of components which might interact with each other in complementary ways. Based on this insight, the current paper assumes that the total productivity of any...