Large chocolate manufacturers have committed themselves to only using certifiedcocoa beans and some governments want to increase the share of certified cocoaproducts consumed in their countries. Thus, Voluntary Sustainability Standards(VSSs) become quasi-mandatory for cocoa producers and...

Protected Denominations of Origin (PDO) refer to the adoption of producers' voluntary standards to highlight the quality to consumers and improve the socio-economic sustainability of small-holders. Usually, in agricultural circuits, these focus on aspects of production systems and intrinsic...

In the past two decades, markets grew to accommodate no less than 435 “eco-labels” or standards such as Organic, Fair Trade, Rainforest Alliance, and UTZ Certified, that claim some aspect of sustainability. They constitute multi-billion dollar markets and the world’s leading food and...