As part of a broader policy agenda promoting more sustainable financial markets, legislative and policy initiatives within the European Union in recent years have explored the activation of micro-prudential requirements for banks and other financial intermediaries with a view to incentivise...

Following the Paris Agreement and pursuant to its objective of reordering financial flows to ensure climate change mitigation and adaptation, green finance has become a legislative priority for the European Union. This was illustrated by a unique, albeit limited, change in the mandate of the...

1 Introduction -- 2 Towards a European Green Bond Standard: A European initiative to promote sustainable finance -- 3 Member States sovereign green bond issuance and the development of local green bond markets in the EU -- 4 Issuing a green bond – a practical perspective -- 5 Issuing green...

In the light of banks' intense competition for high return on equity, this paper develops a set of equations using profitability analysis to investigate banks' capital structure measured by book capital ratios. Under the Efficient Market Hypothesis, these equations produce the same results as...