Global scientific assessments increasingly reach the conclusion that transformative change of global production and consumption systems is necessary to safeguard and maintain global commons, such as biodiversity, natural forests and the ocean, and to stabilise climate at the global scale....

This report summarises existing knowledge on costs of sustainable forest management (SFM) in tropical and sub‐tropical forests. First, the scope of forest‐related cost studies and background information on definitions of and obstacles for SFM are given (Sections 1 and 2). The main part of...