potential benefits through reduced trade costs. Different forms of IRC aiming to reduce specification, conformity assessment and … regulatory transparency – are addressed. The report argues that trade costs need to be balanced against the regulatory objectives … effects on trade with third countries. Related welfare implications are, however, ambiguous and depend on the specifics of the …

and a terms of trade externality. It is larger the higher the dispersion of firm-level productivities, and the bigger the …

and a terms of trade externality. It is larger the higher the dispersion of firm-level productivities, and the bigger the … tariffs ; retaliation ; tariff wars ; heterogeneous firms ; World Trade Organization ; Nash equilibrium …