further thought in several areas of pre- and post unification aspects by deriving inspiration from Germany's historical … experience. The pre-unification phase and, specifically, the post-unification experience in Germany are of value to both Koreas …

When did Germany become economically integrated? Within the framework of a gravity model, based on a new data set of … about 40,000 observations on trade flows within and across the borders of Germany over the period 1885-1933, I explore the … internal fragmentation resulted from cultural heterogeneity, from administrative borders within Germany, and from geographical …