The economic recession of 2007-2009 proved to be a difficult period for most European economies. Poland was among the few countries that recorded positive gross domestic product (GDP) growth during that period. The main reason for its performance was that private consumption stimulated the GDP....

In this research, our primary objective is to dissect the influence of specific locational elements-proximity to international borders, substantial ports, and significant railway junctions- on the economic vitality of Hungary's counties from 2001 to 2020. The aim is to reveal how these factors...