All countries of the European Union (EU) have had their economies impacted by COVID-19 and should focus their efforts on managing the negative impacts on their GDP growth. Since EU countries vary considerably in many criteria, the same policy would not fit all EU countries. This paper analyzes...

Since the start of the Industrial Revolution, the global climate has changed dramatically. Concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere have increased sharply, followed by an increase in global average temperatures. However, business activities related to environmental protection...

Empirical studies uphold GDP growth rate as one of the determinant factors of FDI inflows. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in its World Investment Report 2002 and 2012 identified Real GDP growth and GDP per capita of the host country as crucial factors that attract...

This paper analyses the level of inequality in Spain and how it evolved over the course of the past crisis and the early stages of the current recovery. To this end, it first introduces the various dimensions of wage, income, consumption and wealth inequality, and studies how they have...

Using Gretl, I apply ARMA, Vector ARMA, VAR, state-space model with a Kalman filter, transfer-function and intervention models, unit root tests, cointegration test, volatility models (ARCH, GARCH, ARCH-M, GARCH-M, Taylor-Schwert GARCH, GJR, TARCH, NARCH, APARCH, EGARCH) to analyze quarterly time...