This chapter of a forthcoming book entitled RESILIENCE AND THE LAW explores the stressors to marine ecosystems and the role that place-based marine management, including marine protected areas (MPAs), marine reserves or No-Take Areas (NTAs), and marine spatial planning can play in maintaining...

In May 2000, President Clinton issued his Marine Protected Areas Executive Order, which, lt;igt;inter alialt;/igt;, required EPA to use its existing authority under the Clean Water Act to protect ocean waters. In response, EPA drafted new ocean discharge criteria for the first time since 1980....

Coral reef tourism in the US provides significant economic benefits that exceed those of reef-based commercial and recreational fisheries. While US coral reefs are subject to a number of stressors, fishing has created the most opposition to coral reef protection. One solution is increased use of...

Since at least the 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act amendments to the Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act, the United States has, at least nominally, been pursuing a policy of sustainable management of fisheries. Nevertheless, concerns about the status of marine fisheries...