With the embedding of internet technology, the entrepreneurial model has been gradually developing from traditional single linear channel into network platform with symbiotic multi-platform. Platform leadership is the most important part of the new one and has been caught greatest attention....

This study explores the welfare impact of personalized pricing for consumers in a duopolistic two-sided market, with consumers single-homing and developers affiliating with a platform according to their outside option. Personalized pricing, which is private in nature, cannot influence...

This paper generalizes the frequently used Hotelling model for two-sided markets in order to determine the equilibrium market shares. We show that advertisement levels depend neither on the media price nor on the location of the media firm. An increase in advertising revenues does not change...

We analyze the role of consumer expectations in a Hotelling model of price competition when products exhibit network effects. Expectations can be strong (stubborn), weak (price-sensitive) or partially stubborn (a mix of weak and strong). As a rule, the price-sensitivity of demand declines when...

We examine two episodes of strategic interaction in the U.K. betting industry: (i) Betfair (an entrant multi-sided platform, or MSP) vs. Flutter (also an MSP), and (ii) Betfair vs. traditional bookmakers. We find that although Betfair was an underfunded second mover in the betting exchange...

Digital platforms frequently refer their users to competitors. We show that these references induce a business-sharing effect that may relax competition for users, resulting in lower quality of content. More surprisingly, user surplus may also decrease as the quality effect may overwhelm the...

In two-sided markets, instead of joining the platform simultaneously, two groups could join the platform sequentially. Under monopoly, the commitment case is equivalent to the no commitment case. With competing firms, there are two cases to consider. For case 1, if the two groups are...

This online appendix to "Insulated Platform Competition" includes proofs and details of our applications.The paper to which these Appendices apply is available at the following URL: "http://ssrn.com/abstract=1694317" http://ssrn.com/abstract=1694317

Does competition promote efficient platform pricing and market structures? We model imperfect platform competition using a new approach, Insulated Equilibrium (IE). Building on the observation that platforms often charge low prices to build a "critical mass", IE assumes platforms use...

This paper analyzes competition in a two-period differentiated-products duopoly in the presence of both switching costs and network effects. We show that they have opposite implications on the demand side, specially in the first period. While the former reduces demand elasticities, the latter...