paved the recent path toward democratization in both El Salvador and Nicaragua. Costa Rica's earlier, smoother … application of Barrington Moore's theses on revolution and democracy to the cases of Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Nicaragua. Three … democratization is accounted for by the processor-grower social pact of the 1930s. Yet all three arrived arrived at more democratic …

study the effect that land ownership and formal housing has on the enrollment in civil society groups. Also, by focusing on …-Sandinista Nicaragua in the midst of a long period of land and counter land reform processes and accompanying titling programs. The main … result of the paper is the finding of a negative effect of formal housing on participation in civil society: households …