In panel data the interest often is in slope estimation while taking account of the unobserved cross sectional heterogeneity. Firstly, this paper proposes two nonparametric slope estimators where the unobserved cross-sectional effect is treated as fixed. The first estimator uses a...

A stochastic frontier cost function is estimated using panel data for the electricity generating industry in India. The impact of distributional and functional form assumptions on technical inefficiency and the sources of inefficiency are investigated by using maximum likelihood, GLS and...

This paper examines the effect of immigration on the U.S. trade flows. The model hypothesizes that immigration facilitates international trade with home countries by lowering transaction costs. Immigrants also demand products from their country of origin and thus stimulate trade. Using a panel...